:root{--oxford:#0b1f3a;--ivory:#f7f2e8;--charcoal:#222;--gold:#b59b6a;--stone:#d9d1c3;--panel:#fffdf8;--muted:#5a5a5a}
*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth}body{margin:0;font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;background:var(--ivory);color:var(--charcoal);line-height:1.65}
img{max-width:100%;display:block}a{color:inherit}.sans, p, li, input, textarea, button{font-family:Inter,Arial,sans-serif}
.container{width:min(1150px,92%);margin:auto}.narrow{width:min(900px,92%);margin:auto}.topic-shell{width:min(1150px,92%);margin:auto}
header{position:sticky;top:0;background:rgba(247,242,232,.95);backdrop-filter:blur(10px);border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;z-index:100}
nav{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;padding:14px 0;gap:20px}.brand{font-size:1.05rem;letter-spacing:.1em;color:var(--oxford);font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}.nav-links{display:flex;gap:20px;flex-wrap:wrap}.nav-links a{text-decoration:none;font-size:.95rem;color:var(--charcoal)}.nav-links a:hover{color:var(--oxford)}
.hero{min-height:70vh;background:none;color:var(--charcoal);display:flex;align-items:center;padding:36px 0 18px}.hero-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.25fr .85fr;gap:40px;align-items:center}.hero-copy h1{font-size:clamp(2.7rem,6vw,4.9rem);line-height:1.05;margin:0 0 12px;color:var(--oxford)}.hero-copy p{font-size:1.08rem;max-width:650px;margin:0 0 20px}.cta{display:flex;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap}.btn{display:inline-block;padding:13px 20px;border-radius:999px;text-decoration:none;font-weight:600;transition:transform .25s ease, background .25s ease}.btn:hover{transform:translateY(-2px)}.btn-primary{background:var(--gold);color:#1d1b16}.btn-secondary{background:transparent;color:var(--oxford);border:1px solid rgba(11,31,58,.35)}
.panel,.card,.essay,.archive,.topic-header,.topic-section,.image-frame{background:var(--panel);border:1px solid #e1dacd;border-radius:20px;box-shadow:0 12px 28px rgba(0,0,0,.06)}.hero-card{background:rgba(255,253,248,.93);color:var(--charcoal);border:1px solid rgba(181,155,106,.35);border-radius:20px;padding:24px;box-shadow:0 18px 40px rgba(0,0,0,.12)}.hero-card h3{margin:0 0 10px;color:var(--oxford)}.hero-card ul{margin:12px 0 0;padding-left:18px}.hero-card li{margin:7px 0}
section{padding:82px 0}.section-title{font-size:2rem;color:var(--oxford);margin:0 0 10px}.section-sub{color:var(--muted);max-width:760px}
.about{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.2fr .8fr;gap:28px}.panel{padding:28px}.profile{border-left:4px solid var(--gold)}
.topics{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:26px}.card{padding:22px;transition:transform .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease}.card:hover{transform:translateY(-4px);box-shadow:0 18px 34px rgba(0,0,0,.09)}.card h3{margin-top:0;color:var(--oxford)}.read{color:var(--oxford);text-decoration:none;font-weight:700}
.timeline{position:relative;margin-top:28px;padding-left:24px}.timeline:before{content:'';position:absolute;left:7px;top:6px;bottom:6px;width:3px;background:linear-gradient(var(--gold),var(--oxford))}.event{position:relative;padding:0 0 24px 24px}.event:before{content:'';position:absolute;left:-2px;top:6px;width:16px;height:16px;background:var(--ivory);border:4px solid var(--oxford);border-radius:50%}.date{font-size:.9rem;color:#7b6740;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase}
.essays{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:22px}.essay{padding:22px}.essay h3{margin-top:0;color:var(--oxford)}
.archive-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:22px}.archive{padding:20px;border-style:dashed;border-color:#c8b58d}.archive h4{margin-top:0;color:var(--oxford)}
blockquote{margin:0;background:var(--oxford);color:#fff;padding:40px;border-radius:22px;font-size:1.5rem}.quote-by{display:block;font-size:1rem;margin-top:10px;color:#e3d8c4}
.why{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.1fr .9fr;gap:24px}.contact{display:grid;grid-template-columns:.9fr 1.1fr;gap:22px}.contact form{display:grid;gap:12px}.contact input,.contact textarea{width:100%;padding:14px;border-radius:12px;border:1px solid #d7cfbf;background:#fff}.contact textarea{min-height:140px;resize:vertical}.footer{padding:26px 0 40px;border-top:1px solid #ddd}.footer-flex{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px;flex-wrap:wrap}.footer-links{display:flex;gap:16px;flex-wrap:wrap}.footer a{text-decoration:none;color:var(--oxford)}
.topic-hero{padding:70px 0 24px;background:linear-gradient(180deg,#ece5d8, #f7f2e8)}.topic-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.15fr .85fr;gap:24px;align-items:stretch}.topic-header{padding:28px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center}.topic-header h1{font-size:clamp(2.2rem,5vw,3.8rem);line-height:1.08;margin:0 0 10px;color:var(--oxford)}.eyebrow{font-size:.85rem;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#7b6740;font-weight:700}.topic-image{border-radius:22px;overflow:hidden;border:1px solid #d3cab9;height:100%}.topic-main{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.15fr .85fr;gap:24px;margin:0 auto 82px;align-items:start}.essay-column{grid-column:1}.topic-sidebar{grid-column:2;display:grid;gap:24px;align-content:start}.topic-section{padding:24px}.topic-section h2,.topic-section h3{color:var(--oxford);margin-top:0}.key-points{padding-left:18px}.back-link{display:inline-block;margin:16px 0 0;text-decoration:none;color:var(--oxford);font-weight:700}
.image-frame{overflow:hidden}
@media (max-width: 950px){.hero-grid,.about,.why,.contact,.topics,.archive-grid,.essays,.topic-layout,.topic-main{grid-template-columns:1fr}.hero{min-height:auto;padding:56px 0}.nav-links{gap:12px}.archive-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}.topic-sidebar{grid-column:auto}}
@media (max-width: 640px){nav{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column}.archive-grid,.topics,.essays{grid-template-columns:1fr}blockquote{font-size:1.2rem;padding:28px}}

.image-credit{padding:12px 14px;background:#f6f0e4;border-top:1px solid #ddd2bc;font-size:.9rem;color:#5a5449}
.topic-image img{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover}


.intro-banner{
  padding: 88px 0;
  background:
    linear-gradient(rgba(15,35,64,.62), rgba(15,35,64,.54)),
    url('images/historical-background-generic.jpg') center/cover no-repeat;
  color:#fff;
}
.intro-banner .intro-card{
  width:min(900px,100%);
  margin:0 auto;
  background:rgba(18,28,44,.32);
  border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.18);
  border-radius:22px;
  padding:38px 34px;
  box-shadow:0 14px 30px rgba(0,0,0,.14);
}
.intro-banner h1{
  margin:0 0 14px;
  font-size:clamp(2.2rem,5vw,4.1rem);
  line-height:1.08;
  color:#fff;
}
.intro-banner p{
  margin:0;
  font-size:1.08rem;
  max-width:760px;
  color:rgba(255,255,255,.96);
}


.intro-panel{
  width:min(900px,100%);
  margin:0 auto;
  background:rgba(18,28,44,.32);
  border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.18);
  border-radius:22px;
  padding:38px 34px;
  box-shadow:0 14px 30px rgba(0,0,0,.14);
}
.intro-panel h2{
  margin:0 0 14px;
  color:#fff;
}
.intro-panel p{
  margin:0;
  color:rgba(255,255,255,.96);
}